translated title\nSUMMARY: translated summary under 160 chars\n\nCONTENT:\ntranslated article in markdown format". No JSON, no code blocks.

We need to translate the article into Chinese (中文). Provide TITLE, SUMMARY (under 160 chars), then CONTENT with markdown. Must be exact format: "TITLE: translated title\nSUMMARY: translated summary under 160 chars\n\nCONTENT:\ntranslated article in markdown format". No JSON, no code blocks.

We must translate title: "Passive Crypto Income: Staking, Lending & Affiliate Tips" -> Chinese: "被动加密收入：质押、借贷 & 联盟技巧". Could be "被动加密收入：质押、借贷与联盟推广技巧". Keep natural.

Now content: need to translate whole article into Chinese markdown preserving headings, lists, etc. Ensure we translate all text, keep HTML tags? The original article uses

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• , , etc. We should translate the content but keep the markdown format. The instruction: "translated article in markdown format". The original is HTML-like but we should convert to markdown? Probably we should keep the same structure but translate text, keep markdown headings (##) maybe. The original uses HTML tags; we could convert to markdown for simplicity. But they said "translated article in markdown format". So we should output markdown, not HTML. So we need to convert the HTML to markdown: headings become ##, etc. Keep strong as **.

  Let's produce:

  加密被动收入简介

  ... etc.

  We'll translate each paragraph.

  Let's do step by step.

  Original sections:

  Introduction to Crypto Passive Income

  Earning money while you sleep sounds like a dream, but in the cryptocurrency world it’s increasingly achievable. Three of the most accessible routes are staking, lending, and affiliate programs. Each method carries its own risk profile, technical requirements, and reward structure. This guide breaks down how each works, offers practical steps to get started, and highlights key considerations to protect your capital.

  Translate:

  加密被动收入简介

  赚取睡眠收入听起来像是一个梦想，但在加密货币世界里这变得越来越可行。最易于进入的三种途径是 质押、借贷 和 联盟计划。每种方法都有其自身的风险概况、技术要求和奖励结构。本指南将拆解每种方式的工作原理，提供实际的入门步骤，并强调保护资金的关键考虑因素。

  Next:

  Staking: Put Your Tokens to Work

  质押：让你的代币发挥作用

  What Is Staking?

  什么是质押？

  Staking involves locking up a proof‑of‑stake (PoS) cryptocurrency to help secure the network. In return, you receive newly minted tokens or a share of transaction fees. Popular staking assets include Ethereum (ETH), Cardano (ADA), Solana (SOL), and Polkadot (DOT).

  质押涉及锁定权益证明（PoS）加密货币以帮助保护网络。作为回报，你会获得新铸造的代币或交易费用的一部分。常见的质押资产包括以太坊（ETH）、卡尔达诺（ADA）、索拉纳（SOL）和波卡（DOT）。

  How to Start Staking

  如何开始质押

  1. Choose a Platform – You can stake directly through a wallet (e.g., Ledger, Trust Wallet), via an exchange (Binance, Kraken), or using a dedicated staking service (Lido, Rocket Pool).
  2. Check Minimum Requirements – Some networks demand a minimum amount (e.g., 32 ETH for solo Ethereum staking). Pooled services lower this barrier.
  3. Understand Lock‑up Periods – Certain protocols impose unbonding periods ranging from a few days to several weeks. Factor this into your liquidity needs.
  4. Monitor Rewards & Fees – Annual percentage yields (APY) fluctuate with network participation. Compare the stated APY against any service fees or withdrawal costs.

  翻译成 markdown 列表：

  1. 选择平台 – 你可以通过钱包（如 Ledger、Trust Wallet）直接质押，通过交易所（如 Binance、Kraken），或使用专门的质押服务（如 Lido、Rocket Pool）。
  2. 检查最低要求 – 某些网络要求最低数额（例如，单独以太坊质押需要 32 ETH）。池化服务降低了这一门槛。
  3. 了解锁定期 – 某些协议会施加解锁期，从几天到几周不等。将此纳入你的流动性需求考量。
  4. 监控奖励与费用 – 年化百分比收益（APY）会随网络参与度波动。将声明的 APY 与任何服务费或提现成本进行比较。

  Practical Tips

  实用技巧

  • Diversify Across Chains – Don’t stake all your assets in one network; spread risk across multiple PoS chains.
  • Re‑stake Rewards – Compounding can significantly boost returns over time. Many platforms offer auto‑compounding options.
  • Stay Updated on Governance – Some staking tokens grant voting rights. Participate in governance to influence protocol changes that could affect yields.

  翻译：

  • 跨链多样化 – 不要将所有资产押在一个网络上；在多个 PoS 链之间分散风险。
  • 再质押奖励 – 复利可以显著提升长期收益。许多平台提供自动复利选项。
  • 关注治理动态 – 一些质押代币赋予投票权。参与治理可以影响可能影响收益的协议变更。

  Next section:

  Lending: Earn Interest on Your Holdings

  借贷：通过持有资产赚取利息

  Crypto Lending Basics

  加密借贷基础

  Lending platforms let you deposit crypto and earn interest as borrowers take out loans, typically over‑collateralized to mitigate risk. Interest rates are paid in the same asset you lend or in a stablecoin.

  借贷平台允许你存入加密货币并获得利息，因为借款人会申请贷款，通常采用过度抵押以降低风险。利息以你借出的同种资产或稳定币形式支付。

  Steps to Begin Lending

  开始借贷的步骤

  1. Select a Reputable Platform – Centralized options like Nexo, BlockFi, or Celsius (where available) offer user‑friendly interfaces. Decentralized alternatives include Aave, Compound, and MakerDAO.
  2. Assess Collateral Ratios – Over‑collateralization (e.g., 150% of loan value) protects lenders but can affect borrower demand and thus rates.
  3. Choose Fixed vs. Variable Rates – Fixed rates provide predictability; variable rates may rise with market demand but can also fall.
  4. Consider Insurance – Some platforms provide insurance funds or third‑party coverage for smart contract failures. Verify the coverage limits.

  翻译：

  1. 选择信誉良好的平台 – 集中化选项如 Nexo、BlockFi、Celsius（在可用地区）提供用户友好的界面。去中心化替代方案包括 Aave、Compound 和 MakerDAO。
  2. 评估抵押率 – 过度抵押（例如，贷款价值的 150%）可保护贷款人，但可能影响借款需求以及利率。
  3. 选择固定利率还是浮动利率 – 固定利率提供可预测性；浮动利率可能随市场需求上升，但也可能下降。
  4. 考虑保险 – 某些平台提供保险基金或第三方保障以覆盖智能合约故障。请核实保障额度。

  Practical Advice

  实际建议

  • Start Small – Test the platform with a modest amount before committing larger sums.
  • Track Interest Accrual – Most platforms update interest hourly or daily; keep a record for tax purposes.
  • Withdrawal Flexibility – Prefer platforms that allow instant withdrawals without penalties, especially if you need liquidity.
  • Watch for Platform Risk – Centralized lenders carry counterparty risk; decentralized protocols expose you to smart contract bugs. Diversify across both types to mitigate single‑point failures.

  翻译：

  • 从小额开始 – 用少量资金先测试平台，再考虑大额投入。
  • 跟踪利息累计 – 大多数平台按小时或每日更新利息；请做好记录以便税务申报。
  • 提现灵活性 – 优先选择允许免罚金即时提现的平台，特别是当你需要流动性时。
  • 警惕平台风险 – 集中化贷款方存在对手方风险；去中心化协议则使你面临智能合约漏洞。在两种类型之间进行分散可降低单点失效的风险。

  Next section:

  Affiliate Programs: Earn by Referring Users

  联盟计划：通过推荐用户赚取收益

  How Crypto Affiliates Work

  加密联盟是如何运作的

  Many exchanges, wallets, and DeFi projects run affiliate (or referral) programs. You receive a commission—often a percentage of trading fees, lending interest, or staking rewards—when someone signs up using your unique link and completes a qualifying action.

  许多交易所、钱包和 DeFi 项目会运行联盟（或推荐）计划。当有人使用你的独特链接注册并完成符合条件的操作时，你会获得佣金——通常是交易费、借贷利息或质押奖励的一定比例。

  Getting Started

  如何开始

  1. Identify Compatible Programs – Look for services you already use and trust. Popular options include Binance Referral, Coinbase Earn, Ledger Affiliate, and various DeFi protocols like Uniswap or Curve.
  2. Create Quality Content – Blogs, YouTube videos, Twitter threads, or newsletters that educate newcomers tend to convert better than plain link drops.
  3. Disclose Transparently – Clearly state that you may earn a commission; this builds trust and complies with advertising guidelines in many jurisdictions.
  4. Use Tracking Tools – Most programs provide dashboards showing clicks, sign‑ups, and earnings. Monitor performance to optimize your promotional efforts.

  翻译：

  1. 确定合适的计划 – 寻找你已经使用并信任的服务。常见选项